New Section: Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium

PPS is used for the symptomatic treatment of bladder pain syndrome (S'ouvre dans une nouvelle fenêtre) in adults with moderate to severe pain, urgency and frequency of micturition. The reported response rate in the approval trial was 30–60% (Hwang et al., 1997). Further studies have not been able to demonstrate any clear advantages. Due to the limited benefits and relevant side effects, some guidelines advise against therapy with PPS (Doiron et al., 2025).